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[世纪疫症]之 新世事、新语言
Thread poster: David Lin
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动态清零 May 11, 2022

William Yang wrote:

动态清零-dynamic zero-Covid policy

I agree with William Yang.

China’s Xi urges officials to ‘resolutely fight’ those who question zero-Covid policy

https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/06/chinas-xi-jinping-calls-for-sticking-to-zero-covid-policy.html

Chinese President Xi Jinping headed a meeting of top leaders on Thursday that emphasized the country should stick to its “dynamic zero-Covid” policy, and warned that economic consequences would follow if it doesn’t, according to state media.


I also agree with WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus!


 
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清零 May 11, 2022

William Yang wrote:

zero tolerance strategy

Also agree.

Title: WHO chief's remarks on China's COVID policy blocked on country's social media
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/un-post-who-chiefs-china-covid-comments-removed-weibo-2022-05-11/

BEIJING, May 11 (Reuters) - A United Nations Weibo post on the World Health Organization chief's comments that China's zero-tolerance COVID-19 policy is not sustainable was removed from the Chinese social media platform on Wednesday morning shortly after being published.

WeChat, another Chinese social media platform, disabled the sharing function of a similar post by the United Nations.

Addressing a media briefing on Tuesday, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said: "We don't think that it is sustainable considering the behaviour of the virus and what we now anticipate in the future." read more

WHO chief says China's zero-COVID policy not 'sustainable'
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/who-chief-says-chinas-covid-policy-not-sustainable-2022-05-10/



[Edited at 2022-05-12 03:33 GMT]


 
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有症状/无症状感染 ~ symptomatic/Asymptomatic infection May 12, 2022

Title:专家说,中国的疫情死亡数据统计方式,掩盖了奥米克戎的真实影响
加美财经根据 Financial Times 报导
https://www.caus.com/detail/53740

专家们认为,官方的死亡人数较低,是由于中国计算死亡人数的方式存在缺陷,可能有更多人被这种病毒杀死。鉴于对官方病例数的怀疑、疫苗效力的不确定性以及缺乏关于中国总体死亡率的公开数据,准确估计与Covid有关的死亡人数是很困难的。

香港大学的病毒学家金东仁(音)说,中国大陆采取的方法与美国或香港等地不同,这些国家和地区,感染Covid-19后死亡的人会被纳入官方死亡数据。

金说,中国医院倾向于把癌症、心脏病或糖尿病等慢性病作为死因,即使人们感染了病毒,也不会被纳入官方的Covid死亡统计。

......

对奥米克戎疫情的死亡数据的怀疑,呼应了对2020年武汉疫情的类似担忧。隶属于中国政府疾病控制中心的研究人员在《英国医学杂志》上发表了一篇论文,估计2020年1月至3月该市的实际死亡人数至少比官方数字高16%。经济学人杂志的分析认为,在此期间,武汉有13,400人超额死亡,比官方的Covid死亡人数高三倍以上。

这位人士说,上海只有在肺部扫描确认感染后才将患者记录为“有症状”,这意味着数以万计的检测结果呈阳性,且有类似感冒症状的人被记录为“无症状”,这与许多其他国家不同。

中国记录疫情死亡人数的方法,导致丧失亲人的家属不确定他们亲人的死亡原因。据上海东海疗养院居民的家属称,最近几周,至少有27人因新冠病毒检测呈阳性而死在这家疗养院。

Symptomatic/Asymptomatic infection


据环球网2022年1月29日报导,“自2020年1月新冠疫情爆发以来,中国政府直接掌控中国大陆抗疫大局,中国14.47亿人口中只有4636人死于新冠”。而根据下面的中国疾控中心红头文件,2010-11 至 2014-15 季节,全国平均每年有8.8万例流感相关呼吸系统疾病超额死亡,占呼吸系统疾病死亡的8.2%。如此算来,每年全中国死于呼吸系统疾病的人数约为107.32万。若确实如此的话,似乎以往每年平均死于呼吸系统疾病的人数,远比死于新冠肺炎的人数要多得多!简直令人不敢相信!

另请参阅:七普公报详细解读——特别回应数据之惑
中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心
http://pdsc.ruc.edu.cn/jdjx/55f514b5aa1a4f6397f535dc762438b0.htm
已知自然增长1173万人,可估计2020年死亡人数为1422万人(这几年统计公报的死亡人数均在900-1000万之间)。


关于“超额死亡”,请见 “Excess Death" and its translation



 
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零的突破~Zero to Breakthrough May 12, 2022

North Korea raises alarm after confirming 1st COVID case
MAY 11, 2022
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/north-korea-covid-case-kim-jong-un/

North Korea reports its first Covid outbreak.

The country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, ordered a national lockdown after a subvariant of the Omicron variant of the coronavirus was found in the capital.

你在拼命清零,他却实现了零的突破!你封城,他封国!


 
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“入户消杀” May 13, 2022

真是“难翻的词”!连中文系毕业的都看不懂,就更别提化工系毕业的了!既然看不懂,那“难翻的词”就有可能变成“乱翻的词”!

“入户消杀”:To enter a household to eliminate and kill? 但我上网查了之后发现,如果原文没错,那这种译法肯定是错的,因为有不少人说,上海人即使吵架再厉害也是“君子动口不动手”,绝不是“战�
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真是“难翻的词”!连中文系毕业的都看不懂,就更别提化工系毕业的了!既然看不懂,那“难翻的词”就有可能变成“乱翻的词”!

“入户消杀”:To enter a household to eliminate and kill? 但我上网查了之后发现,如果原文没错,那这种译法肯定是错的,因为有不少人说,上海人即使吵架再厉害也是“君子动口不动手”,绝不是“战斗民族”!

https://wikidiff.com/kill/eliminate
Eliminate
To completely destroy (something) so that it no longer exists.
(slang) To kill (a person or animal).

Kill
To put to death; to extinguish the life of.
Smoking kills more people each year than alcohol and drugs combined.


不过,连中文系毕业的都看不懂,上海的一位“画工系”毕业多年的老画工却一定是看懂了。

上海年迈老画家担忧:如果入户消杀,我的名画、孤本、真迹怎么办?
https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220509A0DH6M00
老父亲是画画的,是老一代的上海漫画家。他称:我们家要是被人进来,全方位地喷消毒剂,我的书怎么办?我的画怎么办?我收藏的那些卷轴、国画,怎么办?

这位父亲有不少上海书画界的朋友,一位女艺术家家里藏书过万册,有很多精品,甚至是孤本,她表示要是有人要进门消杀,她就从楼上跳下去。上海文联的某老师说,家里有吴昌硕、齐白石的真品,如果被进门消杀,那他这辈子就算完了。

如果以上报道变成了404,那就请看这一篇,内容差不多:

下午察:入户消杀触碰中国文化人底线?
http://www.kzaobao.com/shiju/20220511/116811.html

看了之后我想,老沈幸亏不住在上海,幸运!

法学教授批「强送方舱、强进民宅」违法微博被封、文章下架
https://www.worldjournal.com/wj/story/121343/6301954?zh-cn

[Edited at 2022-05-15 00:24 GMT]
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wherestip
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从“动态清零”到“入室消杀” May 13, 2022

从“动态清零”到“入室消杀”,你能看懂疫情词汇吗?
by BY RONG XIAOQING
(原载《纽约时报》中文网,但该网需收费。)

https://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2022/05/12/11555076.html

“弹窗”、“管控区”、“静默期”、“动态清零”……疫情期间中文“新词”层出不穷,令我这样居住在国外的人颇有在母语中迷失之感。我给自己开设了一门“疫情词汇101”自学课程,但这门课的难度超出了我的预期。

......我是常驻纽约的华文记者荣筱箐。每周四我们将一起从华人视角解读、探讨新闻热点、品析时报精华文章。欢迎点击这里订阅,或推荐给朋友。

我大学本科专业是中文,在美国生活多年最担心的事就是有一天会说不好母语。2016年回中国时,我在一家酒店门前看到一条横幅标语,上书“聚焦营改增试点,助力供给侧改革” ,当场“晕菜”,人生中第一次怀疑自己可能看不懂中文了。后来去问中国的亲戚朋友,得知他们不仅看不明白,也不打算弄清楚它的意思,这才放下心来。

“入室消杀”这个词指的是进入包括私宅在内的室内喷洒消毒水,但在我从小到大的语言架构中,“入室”这个词的后缀一直都是“抢劫”、“行凶”之类,但这种先入为主的印象显然让人困惑,那就只能借助看图识字来更准确地理解。但看图识字的方法也不靠谱,比如图片里那些从头到脚身着防护服上阵的“大白”,很容易让人想起前阵子流行的韩剧《鱿鱼游戏》里穿着几乎同款红色服装的行刑手,只不过后者手里拿的不是喷雾器,而是冲锋枪。而一些民宅在被“大白”们入室喷洒消毒水之后的凌乱景象,又难免让人想到文革中一些民宅被抄之后留下的一片狼藉。但如果这样去解释“入室消杀”大概考试中也得不了分。

至于“北京被上海”这样中文里看上去似乎是打印错误的词组,最好的办法也许是借助英文来理解。英文中作为动词的“shanghai”是“胁迫”的意思,常以被动式“shanghaied”出现,源自19世纪中期美国开往远东的航船招不到水手就靠绑架来补充新血。这倒大概很符合上海封城和其他城市采取类似措施时老百姓的感觉。


 
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乱翻 “入户消杀” :-D May 13, 2022

I agree, Yueyin. The context apparently is compulsory disinfection of a household, in some cases even without obtaining the resident's permission.

 
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Agree May 13, 2022

wherestip wrote:

The context apparently is compulsory disinfection of a household, in some cases even without obtaining the resident's permission.

Steve,

Yes, “without obtaining the resident's permission”,就构成了童之伟教授所谴责的严重违反中华人民共和国宪法的“强进民宅”,i.e., "forcibly break into homes of the residents without obtaining their permission"!

“强送方舱" - Shanghaied to an alternate care site (ACS)(established somewhere in Shanghai). In short, Shanghaied to Shanghai!

Alternate care site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternate_care_site
An alternate care site (ACS) is a medical treatment facility established in a non-traditional setting during a public-health crisis (or other event causing strain on local medical resources) as a means of providing additional capacity to deliver medical care within a given area.

The Javits Center in New York City has been used as an ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic:
New York National Guard - 49738408268.jpg

遗憾的是,那位中国宪法学权威教授童之伟批判“强送方舱、强进民宅”违法的微博却被封了、文章下架了!
上海封城以及近来大白(防疫人员)闯入住家要带走住户隔离引发强烈民怨,宪法学权威、华东政法大学法学教授童之伟具名发表意见,指官方将民众强制送往方舱隔离为非法,结果童的文章被下架,微博并被禁言,其7千多篇微博全部消失。

现年68岁的童之伟曾任多所大学法学教授,兼任中国法学会法学研究会副会长 ,还是中国官方最高人民检察院高级检察官带教导师、上海市人民检察院检察官培训中心兼职教授等职。

童之伟日前在其微博刊发「对上海新冠肺炎病毒防疫两措施的法律意见」,以条列方式陈述上海封城期间发生的种种违反中国法律的行径,并引用相关法条,一一指陈违法之处。

看来,并非所有的中国人都会赞美“国王的新衣"!


[Edited at 2022-05-14 15:22 GMT]


 
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什么是甲醛楼? May 13, 2022

先看视频:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aZsSk1FIpk
虹口区飞虹路居民在全体核酸阴性的情况下4月30号被居委会主任蒋佳俊骗至广粤路隔离点甲醛楼,无热水无网络, 今天又要求居民交出家中钥匙,开始入户消杀,以下是致电嘉兴街道的电话录音,我们要求入户消杀的相关文件,另外按照市里2号的发布会,阳性都不要入户消杀,为何我们阴性要入户(消杀)?居民家中财产如何保障?

什么是甲醛楼?即使是化工系毕业的恐怕也看不懂!难道是 Formaldehyde Resident Building?我上网查了之后才知道,那是一栋本来没人入住的“烂尾楼”,楼内从建筑、装修材料中散发出来的甲醛含量超标。现在居委会主任把核酸检测呈阴性(非阳性)的居民“骗到甲醛楼”暂住,以便对他们原来居住的家进行“入户消杀”。看来,把“甲醛楼”翻译成 Formaldehyde-residue-accumulated Building,也许还更确切一些!

顺便也可听听上海人吵架是什么样子。这位上海人尽管对把他们“骗到甲醛楼”的居委会主任十分反感,言语中却还是称他为“朋友”。

甲醛对人体有极大的危害!
https://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde


[Edited at 2022-05-14 06:05 GMT]


 
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Definition of “Deaths due to Covid-19” and its Translation May 14, 2022

我前天提了一下 “Excess Death" and its translation。世卫组织对 Covid-19 爆发期间 “Excess Deaths”的另一种提法是“Deaths due to Covid-19”。

世界卫生组织发布的中文版文件将 “Excess Deaths”,译为“超额死亡”。世卫组织网站指出,“世卫组织最新估计的数字显示�
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我前天提了一下 “Excess Death" and its translation。世卫组织对 Covid-19 爆发期间 “Excess Deaths”的另一种提法是“Deaths due to Covid-19”。

世界卫生组织发布的中文版文件将 “Excess Deaths”,译为“超额死亡”。世卫组织网站指出,“世卫组织最新估计的数字显示,2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间,与COVID-19大流行直接或间接相关的全部死亡(称为“超额死亡”)约为1490万例(范围为1330万例至1660万例)。”世卫组织还认为,某些国家严重少报了“超额死亡”人数。其中,少报程度最严重的是世界第二人口大国印度。根据印度官方公布的数据,2020年和2021年,共有48万1000例“Deaths due to Covid-19”。但据世卫组织估计,自2020年以来,印度约有475万例“Deaths due to Covid-19”。据中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心根据国家人口普查的结果估计,中国因各种原因导致的“2020年总死亡人数为1422万人(这几年统计公报的死亡人数均在900-1000万之间)”。那么,该研究中心是否就应该深入地研究一下,这突增幅度竟达约50%左右的约422-522万死亡人数,是否是由于大规模战争或某种大规模自然灾害?其中有多少是属于与COVID-19直接(由于疾病)或间接(由于大流行对卫生系统和社会的影响)相关的死亡人数?

https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-million-excess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-2020-and-2021
超额死亡人数的计算方法是,以前几年的数据为依据,计算已经发生的死亡人数与在没有大流行情况下预期的死亡人数之间的差额。

超额死亡数包括与COVID-19直接(由于疾病)或间接(由于大流行对卫生系统和社会的影响)相关的死亡。与COVID-19间接相关的死亡可归因于其他健康状况,由于大流行导致卫生系统不堪重负,人们无法获得相应的预防和治疗。

由此看来,国产大飞机的副总设计师因心肌梗塞突发时,等救护车等了两小时还没等来,他妻子无奈只得自驾送他去医院,结果他不幸死在半途之中,这种情况属于“与COVID-19间接相关的死亡”。然而,一名 COVID-19 病毒的感染者,因在路上发生车祸而死亡,就不能归类于 “Deaths due to Covid-19”。

2020年4月,世界卫生组织就发布了一份文件:“International Guidance for Certification and Classification (Coding) of Covid-19 as Cause of Death”。其主要目的是,要求世界各国采用统一标准来统计“超额死亡”人数。
https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/international-guidelines-for-certification-and-classification-(coding)-of-covid-19-as-cause-of-death
该指南对于 Deaths due to Covid-19 的定义是:
Definition of Deaths due to Covid-19:
A death due to COVID-19 is defined for surveillance purposes as a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness, in a probable or confirmed COVID-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to COVID disease (e.g. trauma)."

A death due to COVID-19 may not be attributed to another disease (e.g. cancer) and should be counted independently of preexisting conditions that are suspected of triggering a severe course of COVID-19.


也就是说,如果一名原患有心脏病的患者,因感染 COVID-19 病毒引起并发症后而死亡,就不能将其划归为因心脏病而死亡,而应归类于 “Deaths due to Covid-19”。但如果一名 COVID-19 病毒感染者,因发生车祸而突然死亡,则不能归类于 “Deaths due to Covid-19”。

这份指南还包括了一份表格:International Form of Medical Certificate of Cause of Death
https://crvsgateway.info/The-International-Form-of-Medical-Certificate-of-Cause-of-Death~356

同时,十分详细地规定了应该怎样统计 “Deaths due to Covid-19”。由于统计人员的无心过错,在统计过程中发生一些偏差是难免的。但如果把上百万的死亡人数说成只有几千,或像印度那样把约475万例说成约48万例死亡,那就绝不是无心的过错了!

我只是一介理工男。尽管我离开学校已很久,但我自诩还是延续了“理工男”实事求是的精神。我在此论坛发帖之前,总喜欢先到网上查阅相关文献资料以核实信息,尤其爱用数据说话。尽管我不能保证我所说的百分之百都正确,但是 to the best of my knowledge,我对我所提供的信息 Confidence Level 在95%以上。我绝不会出于某种目的而说假话或造谣,因为这是我的底线!时代在我脑袋里留下的最深刻的烙印就是,一个人必须具有独立思考的能力;对于任何人,哪怕是说话一句顶一万句的人,都不能迷信盲从!
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QHE
United States
Local time: 04:43
English to Chinese
+ ...
IMHO May 14, 2022

LIZ LI wrote: @ysun & @QHE
You got the wrong word.

不过很显然,我的意思@ysun和@QHE前辈没能理解——因为前辈们不了解Edinburgh这个名字的讽刺意味。



你 “本想幽默一把”,并提示: “May its denotation be what it is with those dictionaries, and let's have fun with connotations.” 但我在发帖中无意续谈你说的梗,只想分享几个 ”Shanghai” 作为动词的英语例句,我没搞错想说的词,也理解你帖中的意思。

BTW, 冠以“前辈”之称于我,不宜;况且我来论坛远不及诸多各位早。我理解 “前辈” 是尊称, 不过我认为对同仁的尊重更多体现在字里行间。



LIZ LI wrote:
前辈们在讨论这些层出不穷的新词时,其实很想插一句——被封个一次两次,自然便了解当中区别了,根本不需要从字面上强行拆解。在这个连幼儿园小朋友都知道“核酸”是什么意思的年代,有什么能比沉浸式体验来得更快更好的语言学习方法?


被封个一次两次,...... 沉浸式学习体验[世纪疫症]之新词语? ......

不知哪些前辈们在对层出不穷的新词 “从字面上强行拆解”,这好像也不是大家在此讨论的实质所在。 同时, David Shen 以下的观点我也有同感:
"纵观层出不穷的中文新词,随意兴发似乎是普遍现象:上到官媒,下到广告;俗到商品,雅到地名;散至网聊,高至论文;用词方面皆有欲取新奇求胜的趋势,以至于常让人不知所论为何物。"




LIZ LI wrote:

这年头,朋友圈才是最佳的资讯来源,见报的没见报的,都是最新鲜滚烫的。这也是为什么我会说海外华人有“时差”,一是真正的时差,再者,second-hand source s。

我很理解时代的烙印不是随便可以擦掉的,但是不管是哪国的平民百姓,接收到的全是国际机器出于某种目的、经过加工的信息。不管是击鼓传花的传声筒游戏,还是对峙的当事人以不同的角度来叙述同一个事实,某些信息的缺失都是无法避免的。


以上囊括全球、概括性的结论无论是如何推出的,出处何在,它起码不代表我和我所认识的平民百姓——我们对资讯来源有自己的标准和选择,对资讯中的数据和内容也有各自独立的分析判断方法。在此论坛中不难看到许多实例。

[Edited at 2022-05-14 22:39 GMT]


 
ysun
ysun  Identity Verified
United States
Local time: 03:43
English to Chinese
+ ...
"Large-scale flu outbreak" vs. "Small-scale flu outbreak" May 15, 2022

"大号感冒" vs. "小号感冒"

This thread is a great one! Let's work harder to keep it alive! We don't need a “静默期” for it!

I don't think the true number of Covid-19 deaths in China is something as astonishing as 1.7 million, as the Economist estimated. On the other hand, I don't think the sudden s
... See more
"大号感冒" vs. "小号感冒"

This thread is a great one! Let's work harder to keep it alive! We don't need a “静默期” for it!

I don't think the true number of Covid-19 deaths in China is something as astonishing as 1.7 million, as the Economist estimated. On the other hand, I don't think the sudden surge of 4.22-5.22 millions (net increase) in the total death toll of China in 2020 alone, compared to the total deaths per year in previous years (9-10 millions), should be entirely categorized as the “Deaths due to Covid-19”. However, considering the average number of deaths due to influenza per year is about 88,000 in the flu seasons of 2010-11 and 2014-15, and the average number of deaths due to all types of respiratory diseases in the same periods is about 1,073,200 per year, if somebody wanted to tell me that the total number of deaths due to Covid-19 in China is merely 4,636, I would just tell him/her: "Give me a break!" If the number 4,636 were indeed true, I would say it indicates that Covid-19 is just a "小号感冒"! Then, what sense would the "Zero-Tolerance" Policy make for such a small-scale flu outbreak?

In my opinion, a major factor contributing to the deaths of over 1.073 millions per year due to the respiratory diseases in mainland China would be pollution, particularly, air pollution!

http://popularlogistics.com/2013/07/china-bitter-years-returning/air_pollution_deaths_in_china/






[Edited at 2022-05-15 13:48 GMT]
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ysun
ysun  Identity Verified
United States
Local time: 03:43
English to Chinese
+ ...
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) ~ 抑郁症 May 15, 2022

COVID-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide

https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
Wake-up call to all countries to step up mental health services and support

2 March 2022

In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by a massive 25%, according to a scientific brief released by the World Health Organization (WHO) today.

The young journalist Mr. Fu of the Global Times, who became so famous by saying "I stand with '皇气'; you can beat me up now", is also suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and had to quit his job and leave Beijing last year although his depression is not directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

For more details, please read what his father revealed:
https://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/article/02c797cd738e8d4cddb7c258cc990bdf51ac9cb6.png


 
ysun
ysun  Identity Verified
United States
Local time: 03:43
English to Chinese
+ ...
How to translate "to go viral"? May 16, 2022

QHE wrote:

以上囊括全球、概括性的结论无论是如何推出的,出处何在,它起码不代表我和我所认识的平民百姓——我们对资讯来源有自己的标准和选择,对资讯中的数据和内容也有各自独立的分析判断方法。在此论坛中不难看到许多实例。

所言极是。例如这张“狗熊”骑狗熊的照片,其实是以骑马照片为基础 P 出来的。
New York National Guard - 49738408268.jpg

"To go viral" 意为“疯传”、“病毒样传播”。诸如此类的虚假信息,确实就像病毒一样,毒害着某些人群,侵蚀着他们的思想,令他们失去了思考和鉴别能力。我昨天说过,“时代在我脑袋里留下的最深刻的烙印就是,一个人必须具有独立思考的能力;对于任何人,哪怕是说话‘一句顶一万句’的人,都不能迷信盲从!”

俺老孙当过“弼马温”,火眼金睛,所以不会认马为熊。其实,连照片中的“狗熊”都亲口承认这是张假照。然而,此照却仍在某些人群中像病毒似地疯传。究其原因,固然是由于某些人信息来源极其闭塞、缺乏思考和鉴别能力,但从根本上来说,是长期以来推崇个人崇拜的恶果。在十年浩劫期间,个人崇拜的歪风甚嚣尘上、登峰造极。历史上,在秦二世统治时期,丞相赵高企图篡位但怕群臣不服,便以“指鹿为马”的方式试探,从而翦除了他的反对者(不仅是“双规”,还将肉体“消杀”)。现有不少人认马为熊,却不是别人逼迫的。国内还有不少人盲目称颂的所谓“战斗民族”,其实是霸占了中国大片领土的“北极熊”。事实证明,真正值得称颂的“战斗民族”是“北极熊”的对手。


 
QHE
QHE
United States
Local time: 04:43
English to Chinese
+ ...
“go viral” May 16, 2022



 
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