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italiano al inglés: Gli impianti che fanno bella l'architettura General field: Arte/Literatura Detailed field: Arquitectura
Texto de origen - italiano Immagine di copertina: centro-pompidou_01.jpg
Didascalia: La rete degli impianti tecnologici integrata con il disegno della facciata del Centro Georges Pompidou a Parigi.
Foto: XXXXX / Unsplash
Titolo: Gli impianti che fanno bella l’architettura
Di: XXXXXXX
Sottotitolo: L’inizio della rivoluzione ha una data: 31 gennaio 1977, giorno dell’inaugurazione del Centro Nazionale d’Arte e Cultura Georges Pompidou a Parigi. Per la prima volta gli impianti sono protagonisti dell’architettura: un viluppo di tubazioni, canali, valvole e raccordi abbraccia il volume dell’edificio, progettato da Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers e Gianfranco Franchini.
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Immagine paragrafo 1/3: centro-pompidou_02.jpg
Didascalia: La facciata principale del Centro Georges Pompidou, attestata sull’omonima piazza e caratterizzata dal percorso verticale delle scale mobili.
Foto: XXXXXX / design outfit
Quando si parla del rapporto tra impianti e architettura, il più delle volte la questione si sposta su un piano specifico, che prevede la realizzazione di un particolare obiettivo: celare il più possibile alla vista ogni elemento dalla pura valenza tecnologica, utilizzando soluzioni capaci di minimizzare l’impatto estetico della rete di adduzione dell’energia elettrica, dell’acqua e di ogni altro tipo di impianto connesso all’uso di un edificio.
Su riviste e siti web del settore design e architettura lo spazio dedicato a prodotti in grado di soddisfare questa richiesta è molto ampio e, molto spesso, è proprio nell’ambito della progettazione degli impianti che il design propone soluzioni all’avanguardia, dall’estetica minimale e dalle alte performance tecnologiche.
Nel 1977, però, questa tendenza subiva un violento strattone. Il nuovo Centro Georges Pompidou a Parigi, realizzato su progetto di Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers e Gianfranco Franchini raccontava una storia di perfetta integrazione tra architettura e reti impiantistiche. Queste ultime, lungi dall’essere occultate in vani e cavedi dedicati, invadevano letteralmente le facciate dell’edificio, avvolgendolo in una sorta di matassa colorata e ben organizzata: tubature gialle per l’elettricità, rosse per gli ascensori e le scale mobili, verdi per l’acqua e blu per l’aria.
Il funzionamento dell’edificio, insomma, veniva dichiarato senza remore estetiche, associando implicitamente il concetto di architettura con quello di macchina dalle alte prestazioni tecnologiche. Se avete visitato il Centro è probabile che ricordiate bene l’esperienza di percorrere la rete di scale mobili attestate sulla facciata principale che, dal piano strada, porta fino al rooftop, offrendo a ogni piano una vista panoramica unica sulla città.
Immagine paragrafo 2/3: Copenhagen-International-School-Nordhavn-C-F-Moeller.jpg
Didascalia: La nuova sede della Copenhagen International School realizzata tra il 2013 e il 2017 su progetto dello studio danese C.F. Møller Architects e caratterizzata da facciate interamente rivestite da pannelli fotovoltaici.
Foto: XXXXXX via XXXXX
Dal 1977 facciamo un salto temporale di ben 36 anni e da Parigi voliamo a Copenaghen. Qui, nel quartiere di Nordhavn, un edificio dalle facciate interamente rivestite da pannelli fotovoltaici porta l’integrazione tra architettura e impianti su un piano estetico sofisticato e moderno, favorendo il dialogo dell’edificio con l’intorno e, in particolare, con lo specchio riflettente del mare circostante.
Ciascuno dei ben 12.000 pannelli solari, che inizialmente dovevano essere di numero nettamente inferiore e occupare soltanto la superficie della copertura, segue una specifica angolazione per garantire la massimizzazione della produzione di energia green e, allo stesso tempo, definisce un disegno di facciata armonioso, caratterizzato da un pattern geometrico tridimensionale ricorrente.
La superficie coperta dai pannelli è pari a 6.048 metri quadrati e riesce a coprire più della metà del fabbisogno di energia elettrica della scuola, frequentata da circa 1.500 persone tra studenti, insegnanti e altro personale.
Immagine paragrafo 3/3: palazzo-argonauta-roma.jpg
Didascalia: La riqualificazione di Palazzo Argonauta a Roma, in via Ostiense, utilizza la rete dell’impianto fotovoltaico per uniformare l’estetica della facciata preesistente.
Foto: XXXXX
Traducción - inglés Cover image: centro-pompidou_01.jpg
Caption: The network of technological installations integrated with the design of the façade of the Georges Pompidou Centre in Paris.
Photo: XXXXX / Unsplash
Title: Installations that make architecture beautiful
By: XXXXXXX
Subtitle: The beginning of the revolution has a date: 31 January 1977, the day of the inauguration of the Georges Pompidou National Centre of Art and Culture in Paris. For the first time, installations are the protagonists of architecture: a tangle of pipes, channels, valves and fittings embraces the volume of the building, designed by Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers and Gianfranco Franchini.
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Image paragraph 1/3: centre-pompidou_02.jpg
Caption: The main façade of the Georges Pompidou Centre, standing on the homonymous square and characterised by the vertical path of its escalators.
Photo: XXXXXX / design outfit
When we talk about the relationship between installations and architecture, the question most often shifts to a specific level which involves the realisation of a particular goal: concealing as far as possible every element of pure technological value, using solutions capable of minimising the aesthetic impact of the electricity, water and any other type of installation connected with the use of a building.
In magazines and websites in the design and architecture sector, the space dedicated to products capable of satisfying this demand is very large, and it is very often in the field of plant engineering that design proposes avant-garde solutions with minimal aesthetics and high technological performance.
In 1977, however, this trend suffered a violent setback. The new Georges Pompidou Centre in Paris, designed by Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers and Gianfranco Franchini, told a story of perfect integration between architecture and plant networks. The latter, far from being hidden in dedicated compartments and cavities, literally invaded the façades of the building, wrapping it in a sort of colourful and well-organised skein: yellow pipes for electricity, red for lifts and escalators, green for water and blue for air.
The functioning of the building was in short declared without aesthetic qualms, implicitly associating the concept of architecture with that of a machine with high technological performance. If you have visited the Centre, you are likely to remember vividly the experience of walking down the network of escalators on the main façade that leads from the street level up to the rooftop, offering a unique panoramic view of the city on each floor.
Image paragraph 2/3: Copenhagen-International-School-Nordhavn-C-F-Moeller.jpg
Caption: The new headquarters of the Copenhagen International School built between 2013 and 2017 to a design by the Danish firm C.F. Møller Architects and featuring façades entirely clad in photovoltaic panels.
Photo: XXXXX via XXXX
Since 1977, we take a leap in time of a good 36 years and fly from Paris to Copenhagen. Here, in the district of Nordhavn, a building with façades entirely coated with photovoltaic panels brings the integration of architecture and systems to a sophisticated and modern aesthetic level, encouraging the building's dialogue with its surroundings and, in particular, with the reflective mirror of the surrounding sea.
Each of the 12,000 solar panels, which were initially intended to be much fewer in number and occupy only the surface of the roof, follows a specific angle to ensure the maximisation of green energy production and, at the same time, defines a harmonious façade design, characterised by a recurring three-dimensional geometric pattern.
The area covered by the panels is 6,048 square metres and manages to cover more than half of the electricity needs of the school, which is attended by around 1,500 students, teachers and other personnel.
Image paragraph 3/3: palazzo-argonauta-roma.jpg
Caption: The redevelopment of Palazzo Argonauta in Rome's Via Ostiense uses the grid of the photovoltaic system to unify the aesthetics of the existing façade.
Photo: XXXXXX
inglés al italiano: The Globalization Project in Crisis General field: Ciencias sociales Detailed field: Ciencias sociales, sociología, ética, etc.
Texto de origen - inglés Philip McMichael1
ABSTRACT: The Globalization Project is in crisis – evidenced by deepening inequality, widespread civil unrest (including anti-immigrant and ethnic hostilities), a compromised WTO, and spreading bilateralism. Economies and environments are destabilized and deteriorating, as the deceptions and complicities of market rule are revealed. In this moment of international disorder, with failing US leadership, EU weakening, and Russian strengthening, China appears poised to assume a growing political-economic dominance across the world. Its recent history can be viewed as strategic manipulation of global neoliberal relations via a combination of short- and long-game maneuvres, anchored in a powerful neo-mercantilist model that resonates with rising national protectionism.
Introduction
As a hegemonic project, the Globalization Project is in a cumulative crisis of legitimacy materially and ideologically. What global order emerges in its wake is not yet clear. Its internal contradictions have been revealed starkly as the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed grave inequalities and vulnerabilities of deprived populations, exacerbated by inadequate public capacities with states having surrendered initiative to private interest in the recent neoliberal era. The world is at a critical turning point – economically, politically and environmentally. Economically, the Globalization Project is unraveling as ‘market rule’ has destabilized economies, generating widespread austerity, precarious employment, and waves of migration. Politically, this conjuncture is expressed in a broad set of countermovement politics of left- and right-wing populism. Environmentally, market deregulation, resource grabbing, and global consumerism have intensified longer-term emissions of greenhouse gases and ecological deterioration, generating widespread rural displacement and public ill-health. These developments find expression in white/ethnic supremacy movements dramatized in predatory state policies of oppression of identifiable minorities (in China, India, Brazil, the Philippines, Italy, the USA, etc.) via reactionary nationalism – by which market instabilities are transmogrified into threats from non-white and ethnic peoples.
These are doubly connected: on the one hand world-wide processes of (economic and environmental) displacement spawn migration, typically from rural spaces in the global South. On the other hand, political elites (already beholden to financial elites) use the threat of immigration, via racist appeals, to distract from root causes in global market volatility. Here, racism fetishizes by obscuring predatory market relations. And nationalist politics in turn deepens international disorder as American imperium and its associated soft power (embodied in the United Nations and the World Trade Organization) fragments. This essay addresses this toxic combination as a potential decisive shift in world ordering, arguing that China appears to be poised to both inherit and reorder global economic relations, offering an authoritarian political framework for a state system already compromised by capitalist power, deterritorialization and deepening political polarizations. Looming viral and climate emergency, however, complicates any predictions.
The Globalization Project
The Globalization Project began replacing the economic nationalism- oriented Development Project in the 1980s (McMichael, 1996). In that ‘Lost Decade’ a World Bank/IMF-based debt regime, imposed on the global South, rolled back ‘development advances’ such as social provisioning and subsidies, public infrastructure, industrial growth and living wages, and intensified exports of mineral and agricultural resources. Such extensive Structural Adjustments merged with wholesale liberalization policies institutionalized in by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, with widespread consent by member states now embedded in a global market organized by transnational capital. In collectively establishing the WTO, states were ‘no longer writing the rules of interaction among separate national economies… [they were] writing the constitution of a single global economy’ according to the Director General (Ruggiero, 2000).
Traducción - italiano El proyecto de globalización en crisis
Philip McMichael1
RESUMEN: El proyecto de globalización está en crisis, como demuestran la profundización de las desigualdades, los disturbios civiles generalizados (incluidas las hostilidades étnicas y contra los inmigrantes), una OMC comprometida y la extensión del bilateralismo. Las economías y los entornos se desestabilizan y se deterioran, a medida que se revelan los engaños y las complicidades del dominio del mercado. En este momento de desorden internacional, con el fracaso del liderazgo estadounidense, el debilitamiento de la UE y el fortalecimiento de Rusia, China parece dispuesta a asumir un creciente dominio político-económico en todo el mundo. Su historia reciente puede verse como una manipulación estratégica de las relaciones neoliberales globales mediante una combinación de maniobras a corto y largo plazo, ancladas en un poderoso modelo neomercantilista que resuena con el creciente proteccionismo nacional.
Introducción
Como proyecto hegemónico, el Proyecto de Globalización se encuentra en una crisis acumulativa de legitimidad material e ideológica. Todavía no está claro qué orden global emerge tras él. Sus contradicciones internas se han revelado con crudeza a medida que la pandemia del COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto las graves desigualdades y vulnerabilidades de las poblaciones desfavorecidas, agravadas por la insuficiencia de las capacidades públicas, ya que los Estados han cedido la iniciativa al interés privado en la reciente era neoliberal. El mundo se encuentra en un punto de inflexión crítico: económica, política y medioambientalmente. Desde el punto de vista económico, el proyecto de globalización se está deshaciendo, ya que la "regla del mercado" ha economías desestabilizadas, generando una austeridad generalizada, empleo precario y oleadas de migración. Políticamente, esta coyuntura se expresa en un amplio conjunto de políticas de contramovimiento del populismo de izquierdas y de derechas. Desde el punto de vista medioambiental, la desregulación del mercado, el acaparamiento de recursos y el consumismo global han intensificado las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y el deterioro ecológico a largo plazo, generando un desplazamiento rural generalizado y una mala salud pública. Estos desarrollos encuentran su expresión en los movimientos de supremacía blanca/étnica dramatizados en las políticas estatales depredadoras de opresión de minorías identificables (en China, India, Brasil, Filipinas, Italia, EE.UU., etc.) a través del nacionalismo reaccionario, por el que las inestabilidades del mercado se transmutan en amenazas de los pueblos no blancos y étnicos.
Están doblemente conectados: por un lado, los procesos mundiales de desplazamiento (económico y medioambiental) generan migraciones, normalmente desde los espacios rurales del Sur global. Por otro lado, las élites políticas (que ya están en deuda con las élites financieras) utilizan la amenaza de la inmigración, a través de llamamientos racistas, para distraer de las causas profundas de la volatilidad del mercado mundial. En este caso, el racismo fetichiza al ocultar las relaciones de mercado depredadoras. Y la política nacionalista, a su vez, profundiza el desorden internacional a medida que el imperio estadounidense y su poder blando asociado (encarnado en las Naciones Unidas y la Organización Mundial del Comercio) se fragmentan. Este ensayo aborda esta combinación tóxica como un posible cambio decisivo en el ordenamiento mundial, argumentando que China parece estar preparada tanto para heredar como para reordenar las relaciones económicas mundiales, ofreciendo un marco político autoritario para un sistema estatal ya comprometido por el poder capitalista, la desterritorialización y la profundización de las polarizaciones políticas. Sin embargo, la inminente emergencia viral y climática complica cualquier predicción.
El proyecto de globalización
El Proyecto de Globalización comenzó a sustituir al Proyecto de Desarrollo orientado al nacionalismo económico en la década de 1980 (McMichael, 1996). En esa "década perdida", un régimen de deuda basado en el Banco Mundial y el FMI, impuesto al Sur global, hizo retroceder los "avances en materia de desarrollo", como la provisión social y los subsidios, la infraestructura pública, el crecimiento industrial y los salarios dignos, e intensificó las exportaciones de recursos minerales y agrícolas. Estos amplios Ajustes Estructurales se fusionaron con las políticas de liberalización al por mayor institucionalizadas en la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) en 1995, con el consentimiento generalizado de los Estados miembros ahora integrados en un mercado global organizado por el capital transnacional. Al establecer colectivamente la OMC, los Estados "ya no escribían las reglas de interacción entre economías nacionales separadas... [estaban] escribiendo la constitución de una única economía mundial", según el Director General (Ruggiero, 2000).
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3 years' experience as a translator in the following areas: marketing, photography, education, architecture, history, general law, science, philosophy and social sciences (critical studies, global health, sociology, urban geography, women history, feminism). Familiarity with translating academic papers from Spanish into English, or from Italian into English. Currently enhancing my abilities in transcreation, and looking forward to work in the gaming field.
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