capoeiras
English translation: henchmen/mercenaries/hitmen
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| 23:13 Aug 21, 2013 |
| Portuguese to English translations [PRO] Social Sciences - History / academic abstract | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Marlene Curtis United States Local time: 00:00 | ||||||
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| 4 +1 | henchmen/mercenaries/hitmen |
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| 5 | capoeiras |
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| 4 | "capoeiras" |
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| Summary of reference entries provided | |||
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| "capoeira groups" - Black Guard /Guarda Negra |
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Answers
46 mins confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1henchmen/mercenaries/hitmen Explanation: Please the extract below Soon Capoeira practitioners started to use their skills in unconventional ways. Criminals and war lords used capoeiristas as body guards, mercenaries, hitmen, henchmen. Groups of capoeira practitioners, known as maltas, raided Rio de Janeiro. In 1890, the recently proclaimed Brazilian Republic decreed the prohibition of capoeira in the whole country. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hora (2013-08-22 00:14:11 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- The slaves who practiced capoeira, i.e., the members of the Guarda Negra, were accused of being criminals at the service of the monarchy. |
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23 hrs confidence:
"capoeiras" Explanation: I would keep the original term (because it is in fact untranslatable) and add a footnote with an explanation. |
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7 days confidence:
capoeiras Explanation: The term should be left as in the original. Capoeiras are practicioners of Capoeira, which is a mix of martial arts, dancing and music brought to Brazil by African slaves. Usually, but not always, its practioners were slaves and former slaves, while mercenaries/henchmen of that period might by black people, as well as impoverished white people, or still descents of interracial marriages. |
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Reference comments
49 mins peer agreement (net): +1 |
| Reference: "capoeira groups" - Black Guard /Guarda Negra Reference information: talvez esses dois sites possam ajudar um pouco na sua pesquisa sobre os "capoeira groups" da Black Guard: http://dc.itamaraty.gov.br/imagens-e-textos/revistaing14-mat... = = = = ... CAPOEIRA l828: In l828 the Brazilian government recruited foreign mercenaries from Ireland, Germany and England to be stationed in Grande do Sul following the agreement with Argentina that led to the independence of Uruguay which had been occupied (l816) and then annexed to Brazil (l821) as the Cisplatine province. (n.b. The Cisplatine province is the only territory lost by Brazil after independence in l822.) Some of these mercenary soldiers remained stationed in Rio de Janeiro. Dissatisfaction with harsh discipline and delays in pay caused them to mutiny. According to Burns, History of Brazil (3rd edition, 132-33), "In 1828 two battalions of German and Irish mercenary troops revolted in Rio de Janeiro in protest against inhumane treatment. Their lawlessness shook the capital before they were disarmed and, in many cases, deported." Burns does not report that capoeira groups suppressed the mutiny. According to a contemporary document, the rebellious mercenaries were "attacked by groups of blacks called capoeiras, who engaged in mortal conflict with them. Although [the mercenaries] were armed with rifles, they could not resist with success, and with sticks, stones and in hand to hand combat, the foreigners fell in the streets and public squares, a great number wounded and many dead. l888: Capoeiras organized as a Guarda Negra or Black Guard to defend the monarchy and the right of Princess Isabella, the Redeemer to succeed Dom Pedro II (l831-l889), her prematurely aged and sick father. Members of the Guarda Negra swore the following oath:... http://isc.temple.edu/evanson/brazilhistory/PDFFiles/CAPOEIR... = = = hth. beatriz_souza |
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