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English to Sinhala (Sinhalese): What is Autism General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Medical: Health Care
Source text - English What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, accompanied by restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
The signs of ASD are usually evident in early childhood.
Though it is still considered a lifelong diagnosis, with appropriate early intervention, individuals with ASD can lead productive, inclusive, and fulfilling lives.
Many children with ASD do well in school, participate in activities they enjoy, go on to college, and are employed in adulthood.
For most parents and professionals, ASD can be a very puzzling and complex disorder.
Though a great deal of its mystery has yet to be uncovered, we know much more about it than we did 10 years ago.
Just as our understanding has evolved over the years, so has the way we define, diagnose, and treat ASD.
Are there different types of ASD?
ASD used to be called Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD).
These terms mean the same thing.
PDD is the diagnostic classification in the DSM-IV (4th edition of the most widely used diagnostic manual of mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1994).
In the DSM-IV, PDD included five types or categories: autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).
The American Psychiatric Association released the new fifth edition of the DSM in May 2013.
In the DSM-5 the term ASD has replaced PDD.
Additionally, the DSM-5 does not have any categories under ASD so that all individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria will fall under one autism spectrum.
This change was made because research indicates the categories that were under PDD cannot be reliably distinguished.
This means the categories of autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and PDD-NOS will no longer be used—instead the diagnosis of ASD will be used to cover the full spectrum.
How is ASD diagnosed?
Diagnosing ASD can be difficult because there are no medical or blood tests.
The diagnosis is based on behavioral symptoms or features.
These features include the absence of or delays in typical developmental milestones and the presence of unusual behaviors.
The diagnosis can involve a two-stage process.
The first stage is screening, usually by doctors at well-child visits using validated screening checklists that parents fill out.
The second stage is a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation usually conducted by a multidisciplinary team that gathers information from an interview and structured observation.
Early detection means earlier access to intervention.
An experienced professional can make a diagnosis of ASD as early as 18 to 24 months of age, but often ASD is not diagnosed until 3 to 5 years of age or later, after the window of opportunity for very early intervention.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children be screened for ASD at 18 and 24 months of age.
What are early red flags of ASD in toddlers?
The diagnostic features of ASD can be easy to miss in young children.
Looking for possible red flags or early signs may help to find children at risk for ASD, and in need of a diagnostic evaluation.
If your child shows some of the following red flags, talk to your child’s doctor.
If you or your child’s doctor has concerns about possible ASD, ask for a referral to a developmental specialist or you can contact your local early intervention program.
Red Flags of ASD in Toddlers
Social Communication
[1][2}Limited use of gestures such as giving, showing, [3]waving, clapping, pointing, or nodding their head{4]
[1][2}Delayed speech or no social babbling/chatting{3]
[1][2}Makes odd sounds or has an unusual tone of voice{3]
English to Sinhala (Sinhalese) (Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, University of Kelaniya) Sinhala (Sinhalese) to English (Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, University of Kelaniya)
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Hi
I am Rusna from Srilanka. By profession, I am a qualified lawyer and doing translation services for long time. Apart from practicing, I am a visiting lecturer at Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL) and English-Tamil exam paper translator. Currently I'm working with many translation agencies and providing services such as translation, interpretation, subtitling, transcription etc.
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